KATA TANYA YANG SERING DIGUNAKAN DALAM BAHASA MANDARIN
KATA TANYA YANG SERING DIGUNAKAN DALAM BAHASA MANDARIN
大家好！你们最近怎么样？
Dajia hao! Nimen zuijin zenmeyang?
Apakah kalian tahu maksud dari pertanyaan saya diatas? Jika belum maka baca terus artikel ini sampai habis ya. Karena disini saya akan membahas bagaimana caranya menggunakan kata tanya dalam bahasa mandarin dan bagaimana bertanya dalam bahasa mandarin sehari-hari.
Bertanya adalah suatu hal umum yang digunakan seseorang untuk mengetahui sesuatu masalah atau kejadian yang ingin diketahui. Akan tetapi terkadang kita sulit mengungkapkan pertanyaan tersebut kepada orang lain. Apalagi kalau tidak tau bahasanya, tidak tau bagaimana caranya? Penginnya menanyakan A malah yang ditanyakan itu B, otomatis jawaban yang didapatkan juga tidak sesuai dengan yang diinginkan.
5 KATA TANYA UMUM YANG SERING DIGUNAKAN DALAM BAHASA MANDARIN
Kata tanya dalam bahasa Inggris biasa disingkat menjadi 5w1h yang terdiri dari What (apa), Who(siapa), When (kapan), Why (mengapa), Where (dimana), dan How (bagaimana). Begitu juga dalam bahasa mandarin What (什么), Who (谁), When (什么时候), Why(为什么), Where(在哪儿/在哪里), dan How (怎么). Perhatikan penjelasan saya dibawah ini ya.
什么(Shénme)
什么artinya “apa”. Kata tanya ini digunakan untuk menanyakan objek. 什么bisa diletakkan ditengah ataupun dibelakang sebuah kalimat.
Contoh:
- 这是什么？
Zhè shì shénme?
apa ini?
- 你做什么？
Nǐ zuò shénme?
apa yang kamu lakukan?
- 你看什么电影？
Nǐ kàn shénme diànyǐng?
Film apa yang kamu tonton?
- 他买什么饮料？
Tā mǎi shénme yǐnliào?
Minuman apa yang dia beli?
谁(Shéi)
Kata tanya 谁 (Shéi) artinya siapa, digunakan untuk menanyakan subjek. 谁 bisa diletakkan didepan, ditengah ataupun diakhir kalimat.
Contoh:
- 谁是医生？
Shéi shì yīshēng?
Siapa dokternya?
- 谁是你男朋友？
Shéi shì nǐ nán péngyǒu?
Siapa pacarmu?
- 这是谁的包？
Zhè shì shéi de bāo?
Tas siapa ini?
- 那是谁的衣服？
Nà shì shéi de yīfú?
Baju siapa itu?
- 他是谁？
Tā shì shéi?
siapa dia?
什么时候(Shénme shíhòu)
Kata tanya 什么时候(Shénme shíhòu) digunakan untuk menanyakan keterangan waktu. Dalam bahasa mandarin, keterangan waktu diletakkan setelah subjek, jadi 什么时候juga harus diletakkan setelah subjek sebelum kata kerja.
Contoh :
- 你什么时候去上海？
Nǐ shénme shíhòu qù shànghǎi?
Kamu kapan pergi ke Shanghai?
- 她什么时候搬家？
Tā shénme shíhòu bānjiā?
Kapan dia pindah rumah?
- 这个东西什么时候送过去？
Zhège dōngxī shénme shíhòu sòng guòqù?
Kapan barang ini dikirim?
为什么(wèishéme)
Kata tanya 为什么(wèishéme) artinya “mengapa” digunakan untuk menanyakan sebuah alasan. Biasanya juga diletakkan setelah subjek sebelum kata kerja.
Contoh:
- 你为什么不上课呢？
Nǐ wèishéme bù shàngkè ne?
Mengapa kamu tidak kesekolah?
- 老板为什么这么做？
Lǎobǎn wèishéme zhème zuò ？
Menagapa bos melakukan hal itu?
- 他为什么不打电话给我？
tā wèishéme bù dǎ diànhuà gěi wǒ?
Mengapa dia tidak menelponku?
在哪儿/在哪里 (Zài nǎ’er/zài nǎlǐ)
Kata tanya 在哪儿/在哪里 (Zài nǎ’er/zài nǎlǐ) keduanya artinya sama yaitu “dimana”. Hanya saja 在哪儿(Zài nǎ’er) bentuk erhuayin (儿化音) dari 在哪里 dan banyak digunakan oleh orang China bagian utara (北方). 在哪儿/在哪里 bisa diletakkan ditengah maupun diakhir kalimat.
Contoh :
- 你在哪里？
Nǐ zài nǎlǐ?
Kamu dimana?
- 妹妹在哪儿？
Mèimei zài nǎ’er?
Adik perempuan dimana?
- 我们在哪儿吃饭？
Wǒmen zài nǎ’er chīfàn?
Kita makan dimana ?
- 比赛在哪儿进行？
Bǐsài zài nǎ’er jìnxíng?
Dimana pertandingan akan berlangsung?
怎么(Zěnme)
Kata tanya 怎么(Zěnme) artinya “bagaimana/kenapa”. Digunakan untuk menanyakan sebuah penjelasan dengan cara yang terkadang jawabannya tidak sesuai dengan yang diperkirakan. Jadi jawaban untuk 怎么lebih fleksibel. Contoh:
- 去机场怎么走？
Qù jīchǎng zěnme zǒu?
Bagaimana menuju ke bandara?
- 你怎么不说话啊？
Nǐ zěnme bù shuōhuà a?
Mengapa kamu tidak berbicara?
- 他怎么又迟到了？
Tā zěnme yòu chídàole?
Kenapa dia terlambat lagi?
Selain itu terdapat juga kata tanya 怎么样， kata tanya ini digunakan untuk mencari informasi situasi suatu hal, bisa juga digunakan untuk meminta pendapat orang lain. 怎么样 diletakkan di akhir kalimat.
Contoh :
- 你觉得怎么样？
Nǐ juédé zěnme yàng?
Bagaimana menurutmu?
- 我们一起坐车， 怎么样？
Wǒmen yīqǐ zuòchē, zěnme yàng?
Bagaimana kalau kita naik mobil bersama?
- 你考试得怎么样？
Nǐ kǎoshì dé zěnme yàng?
Bagaimana ujianmu?
Melihat penjelasan diatas, ada kata tanya yang bisa diletakkan di depan, ditengah ataupun dibelakang. Lalu bagaimana cara menentukan dimana sebaiknya kalimat tanya tersebut diletakkan, caranya mudah yaitu dengan meletakkan kata tanya pada posisi dimana jawaban yang diinginkan nanti diletakkan. Dengan begitu kalian bisa meletakkan kata tanya tersebut dengan tepat.
Bagaimana teman-teman? Apakah sudah mengerti penggunaan kata tanya dalam bahasa mandarin? Jika sudah, ada baiknya kalian mempelajari juga tentang Cara mudah membuat kalimat menggunakan bahasa mandarin. Sekian dari saya, jika ada yang kurang dari penjelasan saya ini, mohon untuk menambahkannya demi semakin sempurnanya artikel ini. Xiexie.
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